Dr. Fuad Usman
Specialist - Dermatology
MBBS, MD (Dermatology)
Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Dermatologists play a vital role in diagnosing, treating, and helping patients manage eczema.
There are three stages if Eczema :
• Acute Stage-This phase is characterized by inflammation, redness, and intense itching. Skin lesions can appear as patches, with blisters that may release fluid. The affected area often feels warm to the touch. Various factors like exposure to irritants allergens, stress or infections can trigger flare ups.
• Subacute Stage -During this stage the inflammation begins to decrease. The intense redness and oozing from the stage start to subside. The skin may still have an appearance with some crusting or scaling. Itching remains a symptom. Is usually less severe compared to the acute stage.
• Chronic Stage -Chronic eczema is characterized by changes in the skin. The skin can become thickened (lichenified) and darken in color. It may also develop a texture to leather. Itching. Tends to be less intense than, during the stage.
Symptoms
Eczema can manifest differently in individuals, but common symptoms include:
· Itchiness: Pruritus, or intense itching, is a hallmark symptom of eczema and can be severe, leading to skin damage from scratching.
· Redness: Affected skin typically appears red or pink, often due to inflammation.
· Inflammation: Swelling and inflammation can make the skin appear puffy and can be accompanied by heat or warmth.
· Dryness: Eczema-prone skin tends to be excessively dry and may become rough or scaly.
· Rash: Eczema often presents as a rash, which can vary in appearance, from small, raised bumps to open sores, depending on the severity and type of eczema.
· Cracking and Oozing: In some cases, eczema can lead to skin that cracks or oozes clear fluid.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing eczema involves a comprehensive evaluation by a dermatologist. This may include:
· Medical History: Gathering information about the patient's personal and family medical history, including allergies and previous skin conditions.
· Physical Examination: A thorough examination of the skin to assess the type, severity, and distribution of the eczema.
· Patch Testing: If contact dermatitis is suspected, patch testing may be performed to identify specific allergens or irritants.
· Genetics plays a significant role in the development of eczema
Treatment Options
While there is no cure for eczema, several treatment options are available to help manage symptoms and improve the quality of life for individuals with this condition:
· Topical Steroids: Corticosteroid creams or ointments are often prescribed to reduce inflammation and itching during eczema flare-ups. These should be used under the guidance of a dermatologist, as overuse can lead to side effects.
· Moisturizers: Regular application of emollients or moisturizers can help maintain skin hydration and reduce dryness and itchiness.
· Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors: Non-steroidal creams like tacrolimus and pimecrolimus can be used on sensitive areas of the skin and are particularly helpful for facial eczema.
· Antihistamines: Over-the-counter or prescription antihistamines can help relieve itching and promote better sleep.
· Wet Wrap Therapy: In severe cases, wet wrap therapy may be recommended, where damp bandages or clothing are applied over moisturizers and topical medications to increase their effectiveness.
· Phototherapy: In certain cases, exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light under medical supervision can improve symptoms.
· Biologic Medications: For severe and refractory cases, dermatologists may consider prescribing biologic medications that modulate the immune system.
· Lifestyle and Environmental Management: Identifying and avoiding triggers, such as allergens or irritants, can be an essential aspect of eczema management. This may involve changes in skincare products, diet, or living conditions.
By understanding the condition's causes, symptoms, and available treatments, dermatologists can provide comprehensive care and help patients manage their eczema effectively, ultimately improving their skin health and overall well-being.
